Mordanting and dyeing of materials made with or containing cellulose derivatives



Patented oer. as, test may nnnrrrrs, or LONDON, nn'ennn'n MGRDANTING AND DYEING OF MATERIALS MADE WITH OR CGTAININQ l L'ULOSE DERIVATIVES This invention relates to themordanting and dyeing of yarns, threads, knitted or woven fabrics or other products made with or containing cellulose acetate or other organic acid esters of cellulose, such for example, as cellulose formate, propionate or butyrate, or made with or containing cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, or benzyl cellulose, or the corresponding condensation products of cellulose and glycols or other polyhydric alcohols, all of which cellulose derivatives are hereinafter referred to as organic substitution derivatives of cellulose.

Hitherto, the mordanting of cellulose acetate materials has presented con'siderabledifficulties owing to the fact that cellulose acetate does not take up the mordant metals from the ordinary mordanting'solutions or does not take them up in sufiicient quantities to admit of satisfactory dyeings being obtained. 1

l[ have now found that if the mordant metals are applied to cellulose acetate materials in the form of their salts with aliphatic acids and especially with hydroxy aliphatic acids, absorption of the mordant metals takes place and when such mordanted materials are dyed with mordant dyes the full lake shades can be obtained with their characteristic fastness.

I have further found that by using the mordant metal salts of aliphatic acids, and

especially w of hydroxy aliphatic acids, materials made" of or containing other organic substitution derivatives of cellulose, maybe mordanted. E

Of the mordant salts whichl have found particularly useful, I may mention those of lactic, citric, glycollic and acetic acids. Such salts may further be, for example, the nornal salts or basic salts, or they may be double salts,th at is to say salts containing in addition to the mordant metal another base, such for instance, as sodium, potassium, or ammonium.

Thus good mordanting is obtainable, for example with any of the following salts basic chromium lactate, aluminium lactate, sodium aluminium lactate. basic aluminium lllenrawing. Application filed November 22,1927, Serial No. 235,120, and in GreatBritain December 3, 1926.

rous acetate (pyrolignite of iron) and coppen acetate.

Further I may use salts which contain two or more different aliphatic acid radicles, or salts which contain in addition to the aliphatic acid radicle another acid radicle such as that of an inorganic acid. Thus for instance aluminium sulphate-acetate, aluminium nitrate-acetate, aluminium chlorideacetate, or the corresponding salts of chromium (usually basic) may be employed.

In some cases, when the mordant metal salts of aliphatic acids are applied in the normal concentrations employed in mordanting solutions, that is to say in concentrations of 5% or less, the absorption of the mordant metal may not be sufficient, and in such cases it is only necessary to increase the concentration of the mordant salt until asatisfactory absorption is obtained.

The mordant baths may contain acids, alkalies or other assistants, such assistants being so chosen that they have no deleterious effect upon the fibre under treatment.

In general when mordanting cellulose acetate materials according to the process of the present invention, it will not benecessary to heat the mordanting bath to temperatures above 7580 (l, but if such high temperatures should be employed, i. e. temperatures which would be liable to cause delustering of the fabric, thread or the like, and particularly of materials containing dry-spun cellulose acetate artificial silk made from cellulose acetate solutions of relatively low concentrations, it is advisable, if it .is desired to avoid delustering, to employ liquids. It will be understood that the protective salts or agents should be selected so 1a protective salts or agents.' Such salts or materials as not to cause any precipitation in the mordanting baths.

Any of the natural'or artificial colouring matters of the mordant class may be employed in the present process, particularly useful dyeings being obtained with anthacene mordant dyes, such as alizarin, and with logwood, though any other mordant colours, such as those of the azo, oxazine, oxyquinone, and other classes, may be applied to goods mordanted according to the process of the present invention. As with the mordant baths, any known or suitable assistants may be added to the dyebaths. Thus, for instance, in dyeing with alizarin or similar colours, an addition of dilute acetic acid or of calcium acetate may tend to brighten the colours obtained. Such assistants may be added either before the dyeing commences or at any time during the operation. lhus, for example, the addition of acetic acid towards the end of the dyeing process, may frequently be found to aid the exhaustion of the bath.

As in the mordanting process, if the temperature of the dyebath is allowed to exceed 75-80 (l, for any reason, such as to promote exhaustion or to obtain fuller shades, protective salts or agents may be employed, particularly in the case of dyeing certain cellulose acetate materials, to prevent liability to delustering, where such prevention is desired.

The process of the invention, i. e. the employment of mordant metals in the form of their salts with aliphatic acids, especially hydroxy aliphatic acids, may be applied to the printing and stencilling of mordants and mordant dyestuffs according to the methods known in the art. Further, pattern effects may be obtained by first printing or otherwise locally applying a suitable resist to the fabric or other material and then mordanting, after which the resists may be removed and the material dyed as usual.

The process may be applied to dyeing or otherwise colou ing mixed fabrics or materials, containing for example, in addition to the organic substitution derivative or derivatives of cellulose, natural silk, wool, cotton or the cellulosic type of artificial silk such as viscose, cuprammonium, or nitrocellulose artificial silks. The mixed goods may be dyed in solid shades or they may be coloured locally as described, above.

Pattern effects may further be produced either in unmixed or in mixed goods by applying the mordants to yarns or threads, which are then made up into fabrics or other with unmordanted yarns or threads. When the whole is then dyed, pattern effects are produced.

It will be understood that it is not necessary in making up the mordanting baths to prepare the salts of the present invention first, as they may be prepared by double decomposition or by other means in the mordanting baths themselves.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it in any way Example 1 Cellulose acetate artificial silk fabric is treated for 1 hour in a bath containing 15% of aluminium acetate at 60-7 0 C. The goods are then washed off in a 1% solution of sodium carbonate at 30 C., rinsed and dyed by treatment for 1 hour at 75 C. in a bath containing 7 of alizarin (20% paste) and 1% of calcium acetate. The goods are then soaped, and finished and dried as required. The true bright red lake shade is obtained.

Example .9

Cellulose acetate artificial silk fabric is treated for 1 hour in a bath containing 20% of aluminium lactate at -50 C. The goods are then washed off, rinsed and dyed as in Example 1.

E wample 3 Cellulose acetate artificial silk yarn in the form of hanks is treated for 1 hour in a bath containing 16% of aluminium aceto-lactate (prepared by dissolving 1 molecule of freshly precipitated aluminium hydroxide in 1 molecule of acetic acid and 2 molecules of lactic acid), the mordanting being carried out at 60 C. The goods are then washed off, rinsed and dyed as in Example 1.

Other mordant metals, such for example as chromium and iron, may be similarly applied, and furthermore materials made with or containing other organic substitution derivatives of cellulose may be mordanted and dyed by similar methods.

Though specific examples of mordants and of mordant dye stuffs have been given above, it is to be understood that the invention extends to the application of any suitable mordant metals and of any suitable mordant dyestuffs, the invention comprising broadly the application of mordant metals in the form of their salts with aliphaticwacids and especially hydroxy aliphatic acids to materials consisting of or containing organic substitution derivatives of cellulose. It will further be understood that, though the above examples show mordanting prior to dyeing, the invention is not limited to this method, but includes also mordanting simultaneously with or subsequently to the dyeing. For example it is found that the lactate mordants may be applied together with the dyestuffs, particularly with alizarin colours. v

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A process for mordanting materials comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose, comprising treatin the materials with solutions of aliphatic aci salts of mordant metals.

2. Process for mordant dyeing materials comprising organic'substitution derivatives of cellulose, comprising treating the materials with solutions of aliphatic acid salts of mordant metals and subsequently dyeing with mordant dyestufis.

3. A process for mordanting materials comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose, comprising treating the materials with solutions of aliphatic acid salts of mordant metals of at least 15% concentration.

4. A process for mordanting materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with solutions of aliphatic acid salts of mordant metals.

5. Process for mordant dyeing materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with solutions of aliphatic acid salts of mordant metals and subsequently dyeing with mordant dyestufis.

6. A process for mordanting materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with solutions of aliphatic acid salts of mordant metals of at least 15% concentration.

7. A process for mordanting materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with solutions of mordant metal acetates.

8. Process for mordant dyeing materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with solutions of mordant metal acetates and subsequently dyeing with mordant dyestuifs.

9. A process for, mordanting materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with solutions of mordant metal acetates of at least 15% concen tration.

10. A process for mordanting materials comprising cellulose acetate, comprising treating the materials with aluminium acetate solution.

11. A process for mordanting materials comprising cellulose, acetate, comprislng treating the materials With aluminium ace tate solution of at least 15% concentration.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

HENRY DREYFUS. 

